The process begins with collecting a biological sample from the individual, typically through a saliva sample, buccal swab (swabbing the inside of the cheek), or blood sample.

Once the sample is collected, DNA is extracted from the cells within the sample. This is usually done using specialized laboratory techniques to isolate the DNA from other cellular components.

The extracted DNA is then analyzed using various methods depending on the purpose of the testing. Common techniques include PCR (polymerase chain reaction), sequencing, and microarray analysis.

The data obtained from the DNA analysis is interpreted to provide information about specific genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, or gene mutations.

Finally, the results of the DNA analysis are compiled into a report that provides information about the individual’s genetic ancestry, potential health risks, carrier status for certain genetic conditions, or other traits of interest.